![]() The US as a lone superpower for long figured top in Nepal’s foreign policy of diversification of international relations and helped escape from neighborhood geopolitical determinism. India and Iran are facing a dilemma with regard the legitimacy of the Taliban government, the former for the fear of its engagement in Kashmir while the latter fears the collusion of its radical faction with the Islamic State (ISIS). Though the US found disproportion between the costs of staying in Afghanistan and the strategic stake, its withdrawal exposed the vulnerability of Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan China and India to the risks of terrorism unless Taliban regime adopt civilized conduct. The European NATO members too feel betrayed by the US withdrawal from Afghanistan without consulting them that eased Taliban’s takeover. The engagement of Turkey, a member of NATO, in Afghanistan and purchase of Russian missiles for its air defense despite the US objection marks the return of old European realpolitik. The assertiveness of Europe reveals its disinclination to accept politically dwarf status, seek freedom from Anglo-Saxon world, express political will to act an independent interlocutor among great powers and recover freedom of maneuver that was unused for reasons of infatuated Sino-Russian entente cordiale. The US alliance with the EU and France thus casts doubt over the forte of trans-Atlantis unity forged against growing Sino-Russian political, economic and strategic muscle. It ricochet General Charles De Gaulle’s free spirit in foreign policy even at cost of alienating old allies and a separate defense system for Europe away from NATO what it calls strategic autonomy. It is evident from the EU’s solidarity with France against the US-Australia nuclear submarine deal. Europe is seeking its own political evolution probably to clinch Ostpolitik in diplomatic and ideological terms, a middle ground between America and Russia.
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